Applicability of Neurosciences in the Dental Management of Pediatric Patients

Abstract

In the current context of child healthcare, there is a growing concern about improving the experience of pediatric patients in dental settings. Pediatric dentistry faces significant challenges related to managing fear, anxiety, and resistance to treatment among children. These factors affect treatment adherence and the effectiveness of clinical interventions. In this scenario, neuroscience emerges as a key field to better understand child behavior and adapt clinical strategies to the neurocognitive and emotional processes of pediatric patients. The objective of this study is to analyze the applicability of neuroscience principles in the dental management of pediatric patients, aiming to identify approaches based on neuroplasticity, emotional regulation, and pain perception. The methodology employed is qualitative in nature, grounded in a systematic review of scientific literature published in the last five years in databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and SciELO, focusing on studies that integrate neuroscientific knowledge and pediatric dental practices. The findings indicate that incorporating techniques such as positive sensory stimulation, the use of suggestive language, and cognitive distraction strategies can modulate the child’s emotional response during procedures. Furthermore, a correlation was identified between knowledge of brain development in children and improvements in the clinician-patient relationship, as well as in more empathetic and effective therapeutic decision-making. A comparison with traditional approaches reveals a significant advantage in terms of treatment acceptance and stress reduction. It is concluded that the integration of neuroscience into pediatric dentistry not only enhances the quality of care but also fosters a patient-centered approach, promoting emotional and behavioral well-being during treatment.